diff --git a/backend/backend.c b/backend/backend.c
index 9b384068..8a6ca7a5 100644
--- a/backend/backend.c
+++ b/backend/backend.c
@@ -211,7 +211,8 @@ static struct wlr_backend *attempt_wl_backend(struct wl_display *display) {
 static struct wlr_backend *attempt_x11_backend(struct wl_display *display,
 		const char *x11_display) {
 #if WLR_HAS_X11_BACKEND
-	struct wlr_backend *backend = wlr_x11_backend_create(display, x11_display);
+	struct wl_event_loop *loop = wl_display_get_event_loop(display);
+	struct wlr_backend *backend = wlr_x11_backend_create(loop, x11_display);
 	if (backend == NULL) {
 		return NULL;
 	}
diff --git a/backend/x11/backend.c b/backend/x11/backend.c
index c650712f..3c963a28 100644
--- a/backend/x11/backend.c
+++ b/backend/x11/backend.c
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ static void backend_destroy(struct wlr_backend *backend) {
 	if (x11->event_source) {
 		wl_event_source_remove(x11->event_source);
 	}
-	wl_list_remove(&x11->display_destroy.link);
+	wl_list_remove(&x11->event_loop_destroy.link);
 
 	wlr_drm_format_set_finish(&x11->primary_dri3_formats);
 	wlr_drm_format_set_finish(&x11->primary_shm_formats);
@@ -230,9 +230,8 @@ bool wlr_backend_is_x11(struct wlr_backend *backend) {
 	return backend->impl == &backend_impl;
 }
 
-static void handle_display_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
-	struct wlr_x11_backend *x11 =
-		wl_container_of(listener, x11, display_destroy);
+static void handle_event_loop_destroy(struct wl_listener *listener, void *data) {
+	struct wlr_x11_backend *x11 = wl_container_of(listener, x11, event_loop_destroy);
 	backend_destroy(&x11->backend);
 }
 
@@ -391,7 +390,7 @@ static void x11_get_argb32(struct wlr_x11_backend *x11) {
 	free(reply);
 }
 
-struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_display *display,
+struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_event_loop *loop,
 		const char *x11_display) {
 	wlr_log(WLR_INFO, "Creating X11 backend");
 
@@ -401,7 +400,7 @@ struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_display *display,
 	}
 
 	wlr_backend_init(&x11->backend, &backend_impl);
-	x11->wl_display = display;
+	x11->event_loop = loop;
 	wl_list_init(&x11->outputs);
 
 	x11->xcb = xcb_connect(x11_display, NULL);
@@ -561,9 +560,8 @@ struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_display *display,
 	free(xi_reply);
 
 	int fd = xcb_get_file_descriptor(x11->xcb);
-	struct wl_event_loop *ev = wl_display_get_event_loop(display);
 	uint32_t events = WL_EVENT_READABLE | WL_EVENT_ERROR | WL_EVENT_HANGUP;
-	x11->event_source = wl_event_loop_add_fd(ev, fd, events, x11_event, x11);
+	x11->event_source = wl_event_loop_add_fd(loop, fd, events, x11_event, x11);
 	if (!x11->event_source) {
 		wlr_log(WLR_ERROR, "Could not create event source");
 		goto error_display;
@@ -644,8 +642,8 @@ struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_display *display,
 	wlr_keyboard_init(&x11->keyboard, &x11_keyboard_impl,
 		x11_keyboard_impl.name);
 
-	x11->display_destroy.notify = handle_display_destroy;
-	wl_display_add_destroy_listener(display, &x11->display_destroy);
+	x11->event_loop_destroy.notify = handle_event_loop_destroy;
+	wl_event_loop_add_destroy_listener(loop, &x11->event_loop_destroy);
 
 	// Create an empty pixmap to be used as the cursor. The
 	// default GC foreground is 0, and that is what it will be
diff --git a/backend/x11/output.c b/backend/x11/output.c
index db63f82f..0c4966c6 100644
--- a/backend/x11/output.c
+++ b/backend/x11/output.c
@@ -575,8 +575,7 @@ struct wlr_output *wlr_x11_output_create(struct wlr_backend *backend) {
 	wlr_output_state_init(&state);
 	wlr_output_state_set_custom_mode(&state, 1024, 768, 0);
 
-	wlr_output_init(wlr_output, &x11->backend, &output_impl,
-		wl_display_get_event_loop(x11->wl_display), &state);
+	wlr_output_init(wlr_output, &x11->backend, &output_impl, x11->event_loop, &state);
 	wlr_output_state_finish(&state);
 
 	size_t output_num = ++last_output_num;
diff --git a/include/backend/x11.h b/include/backend/x11.h
index 9eb208b1..fcea4d25 100644
--- a/include/backend/x11.h
+++ b/include/backend/x11.h
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ struct wlr_x11_touchpoint {
 
 struct wlr_x11_backend {
 	struct wlr_backend backend;
-	struct wl_display *wl_display;
+	struct wl_event_loop *event_loop;
 	bool started;
 
 	xcb_connection_t *xcb;
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ struct wlr_x11_backend {
 	uint8_t present_opcode;
 	uint8_t xinput_opcode;
 
-	struct wl_listener display_destroy;
+	struct wl_listener event_loop_destroy;
 };
 
 struct wlr_x11_buffer {
diff --git a/include/wlr/backend/x11.h b/include/wlr/backend/x11.h
index 54d91c75..1791041c 100644
--- a/include/wlr/backend/x11.h
+++ b/include/wlr/backend/x11.h
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ struct wlr_input_device;
  * The `x11_display` argument is the name of the X Display socket. Set
  * to NULL for the default behaviour of XOpenDisplay().
  */
-struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_display *display,
+struct wlr_backend *wlr_x11_backend_create(struct wl_event_loop *loop,
 	const char *x11_display);
 
 /**